Biomechanical properties of the facial retaining ligaments

Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery
Michael G BrandtCorey C Moore

Abstract

Osteocutaneous facial retaining ligaments play an important role in the aging face. We sought to better characterize the biophysical properties of these ligaments and, in doing so, provide an empirical basis for the natural descent seen in facial aging. Five fresh frozen cadaver heads yielding 10 hemifaces were dissected to expose the orbital, zygomatic, buccomaxillary, and mandibular osteocutaneous ligaments. Each ligament was assessed and subjected to biomechanical testing. The main outcome measures included ligament dimensions, stiffness, percentage of elongation, and force to initial and ultimate failure. Initial and ultimate failure testing revealed the zygomatic ligament to be strongest, followed by the orbital, mandibular, and maxillary ligaments. The zygomatic ligament was also stiffest, followed by the orbital, maxillary, and mandibular ligaments. The percentage of elongation acted as a surrogate marker of elasticity, with the greatest elasticity maintained by the mandibular ligament, followed by the orbital, zygomatic, and buccomaxillary ligaments. Ligament dimensions and biophysical properties did not vary relative to cadaveric hemiface, age, or sex. To our knowledge, this is the first investigation to quantify the b...Continue Reading

Citations

Dec 3, 2014·Clinics in Plastic Surgery·Vivian T YinTanuj Nakra
Apr 22, 2014·Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America·Andrew A Jacono, Benjamin Talei
Jun 5, 2013·Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America·Andrew A Jacono, Joseph J Rousso
Jul 19, 2016·Journal of Cranio-maxillo-facial Surgery : Official Publication of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery·Mu Sam KangIn-Beom Kim
Oct 4, 2016·Survey of Ophthalmology·Audrey C KoDon O Kikkawa
Jan 31, 2019·Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology : JDDG·Sebastian Cotofana, Nirusha Lachman
Apr 9, 2019·Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology : JDDG·Sebastian Cotofana, Nirusha Lachman
Jun 7, 2020·Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America·Jonathan M SykesPeter Palhazi
Jun 7, 2020·Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America·Andrew A Jacono
Sep 3, 2021·Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology·Krishan Mohan KapoorDario Bertossi

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