Biomechanical reasons for the divergent morphology of the knee joint and the distal epiphyseal suture in hominoids

Folia primatologica; international journal of primatology
H Preuschoft, C Tardieu

Abstract

The obliquity of the femoral diaphysis accounts for the valgus position of the human knee joint and reduces bending moments in the frontal plane. A high angle of obliquity is considered a hallmark of hominid bipedality, but its functional importance has rarely been identified correctly. A biostatic investigation of the knee joint in various realistic positions unveils resultant joint forces which do not deviate greatly from the long axis of the femoral shaft. This is due to the length of the femur and to the shortness of the human foot. The flat epiphyseal suture is more or less perpendicular to these joint forces, and the equal size of the femoral condyles reflects the even distribution of forces between them. In great apes the resultant forces acting in the knee joint vary considerably in dependence on the degree of flexion and rotation of the knee joint. The resultant joint force may be line with the femur shaft or diverge. The epiphyseal surfaces offer facets to all joint forces found in the course of the study. Due to the pronounced varus position of the knee joint, the joint itself and the adjacent part of the femur are under medially concave bending moments, which lead to higher compressive forces at the medial than at t...Continue Reading

Citations

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