Biomechanics of bone: determinants of skeletal fragility and bone quality

Osteoporosis International : a Journal Established As Result of Cooperation Between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA
C H Turner

Abstract

Bone fragility can be defined by biomechanical parameters, including ultimate force (a measure of strength), ultimate displacement (reciprocal of brittleness) and work to failure (energy absorption). Bone fragility is influenced by bone size, shape, architecture and tissue 'quality'. Many osteoporosis treatments build bone mass but also change tissue quality. Antiresorptive therapies, such as bisphosphonates, substantially reduce bone turnover, impairing microdamage repair and causing increased bone mineralization, which can increase the brittleness of bone. Anabolic therapies, such as parathyroid hormone (PTH-(1-84)) or teriparatide (PTH-( 1-34)), increase bone turnover and porosity, which offset some of the positive effects on bone strength. Osteoporosis therapies may also affect bone architecture by causing the redistribution of bone structure. Restructuring of bone during treatment may change bone fragility, even in the absence of drug effects on bone mineral density (BMD). This effect may explain why some drugs can affect fracture incidence disproportionately to changes in BMD. For instance, in a recent clinical trial, PTH-(1-34) therapy caused a dose-related increase in spinal BMD without any dose-dependent effect on the ...Continue Reading

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