Biomonitoring in wearers of permethrin impregnated battle dress uniforms in Afghanistan and Germany

Occupational and Environmental Medicine
Peter KegelBernd Rossbach

Abstract

To analyse differences in uptake of the insecticide permethrin in wearers of non-impregnated and permethrin impregnated battle dress uniforms (BDU) in Afghanistan and Germany. In two separate studies, in April 2003-January 2004 (study I, n=549) and in February-April 2005 (study II, n=195), healthy female and male members of the German Federal Armed Forces were equipped with permethrin impregnated BDU (two sub-cohorts in Germany and one in Afghanistan) while members equipped with non-impregnated uniforms served as a control group. Human biomonitoring was conducted before, during and after wearing the uniforms by measuring permethrin metabolites in urine samples via GC-MS. Subjects of the Afghan and German control groups had permethrin levels in the range of the German general population. In contrast, subjects wearing impregnated BDU had about 200-fold higher exposure levels. Within this group, subjects located in Afghanistan and smokers had significantly higher exposure levels. Internal exposure decreased with increasing duration of use of impregnated BDU. There is no evidence for a higher background permethrin contamination in military bases located in Afghanistan compared to Germany. Daily use of permethrin impregnated BDU is ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 29, 2016·Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part a·Michael F Hughes, Brenda C Edwards
Jun 11, 2015·Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology·Glenn C MorrisonGeo Clausen
Feb 5, 2015·International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health·Anne-Marie SaillenfaitJean-Philippe Sabaté
May 15, 2015·Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology·Bernd RossbachStephan Letzel
Aug 10, 2016·Chemico-biological Interactions·Rajiv SundaramoorthyNatarajan Chandrasekaran
Oct 26, 2016·Obstetrics and Gynecology·Blair J WylieRose H Goldman
Apr 2, 2020·The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene·Alexis L MauleSusan P Proctor
Jan 3, 2020·Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine·Matthew M ScarpaciSusan P Proctor
Feb 8, 2019·Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology·Susan P ProctorAntonia M Calafat
Jun 3, 2021·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Marta GerettoAlberto Izzotti
Sep 1, 2017·Environmental Science & Technology·Glenn C MorrisonHanne Frederiksen

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