Bioremediation of atrazine-contaminated soil by forage grasses: transformation, uptake, and detoxification

Journal of Environmental Quality
Chung-Ho LinM F George

Abstract

A sound multi-species vegetation buffer design should incorporate the species that facilitate rapid degradation and sequestration of deposited herbicides in the buffer. A field lysimeter study with six different ground covers (bare ground, orchardgrass, tall fescue, timothy, smooth bromegrass, and switchgrass) was established to assess the bioremediation capacity of five forage species to enhance atrazine (ATR) dissipation in the environment via plant uptake and degradation and detoxification in the rhizosphere. Results suggested that the majority of the applied ATR remained in the soil and only a relatively small fraction of herbicide leached to leachates (<15%) or was taken up by plants (<4%). Biological degradation or chemical hydroxylation of soil ATR was enhanced by 20 to 45% in forage treatment compared with the control. Of the ATR residues remaining in soil, switchgrass degraded more than 80% to less toxic metabolites, with 47% of these residues converted to the less mobile hydroxylated metabolites 25 d after application. The strong correlation between the degradation of N-dealkylated ATR metabolites and the increased microbial biomass carbon in forage treatments suggested that enhanced biological degradation in the rhiz...Continue Reading

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Citations

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