Biosynthesis and biology of mammalian GPI-anchored proteins.

Open Biology
Taroh Kinoshita

Abstract

At least 150 human proteins are glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs). The protein moiety of GPI-APs lacking transmembrane domains is anchored to the plasma membrane with GPI covalently attached to the C-terminus. The GPI consists of the conserved core glycan, phosphatidylinositol and glycan side chains. The entire GPI-AP is anchored to the outer leaflet of the lipid bilayer by insertion of fatty chains of phosphatidylinositol. Because of GPI-dependent membrane anchoring, GPI-APs have some unique characteristics. The most prominent feature of GPI-APs is their association with membrane microdomains or membrane rafts. In the polarized cells such as epithelial cells, many GPI-APs are exclusively expressed in the apical surfaces, whereas some GPI-APs are preferentially expressed in the basolateral surfaces. Several GPI-APs act as transcytotic transporters carrying their ligands from one compartment to another. Some GPI-APs are shed from the membrane after cleavage within the GPI by a GPI-specific phospholipase or a glycosidase. In this review, I will summarize the current understanding of GPI-AP biosynthesis in mammalian cells and discuss examples of GPI-dependent functions of mammalian GPI-APs.

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Citations

Jun 24, 2020·Biochemical Society Transactions·Yi-Shi Liu, Morihisa Fujita
Sep 19, 2020·Plant Reproduction·Nicholas Desnoyer, Ravishankar Palanivelu
Apr 24, 2020·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·Atsushi KobayashiTaroh Kinoshita
Sep 25, 2020·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·Xin-Yu GuoMorihisa Fujita
Dec 22, 2020·Frontiers in Oncology·Nada H HusseinHend M El Tayebi
Jan 2, 2021·Frontiers in Plant Science·Jessy SilvaSílvia Coimbra
Aug 21, 2020·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·Gun-Hee LeeTaroh Kinoshita
Jun 12, 2021·Genetics in Medicine : Official Journal of the American College of Medical Genetics·Camille Tremblay-LaganièreYoshiko Murakami
Jul 26, 2021·Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications·Kohei KawaguchiSatoshi Goto
Aug 17, 2021·Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology·Li Chen, Anna Kashina
Jul 2, 2021·Cell Structure and Function·Kohei KawaguchiSatoshi Goto
Sep 19, 2021·Scientific Reports·William J LaneConnie M Westhoff
Sep 23, 2021·The Plant Cell·Fernando AnientoEugenia Russinova

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
flow cytometry
ubiquitination
protein folding

Software Mentioned

PIGO

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