Biotransformation and Biological Interaction of Graphene and Graphene Oxide during Simulated Oral Ingestion

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Daniela GuarnieriPier Paolo Pompa

Abstract

The biotransformation and biological impact of few layer graphene (FLG) and graphene oxide (GO) are studied, following ingestion as exposure route. An in vitro digestion assay based on a standardized operating procedure (SOP) is exploited. The assay simulates the human ingestion of nanomaterials during their dynamic passage through the different environments of the gastrointestinal tract (salivary, gastric, intestinal). Physical-chemical changes of FLG and GO during digestion are assessed by Raman spectroscopy. Moreover, the effect of chronic exposure to digested nanomaterials on integrity and functionality of an in vitro model of intestinal barrier is also determined according to a second SOP. These results show a modulation of the aggregation state of FLG and GO nanoflakes after experiencing the complex environments of the different digestive compartments. In particular, chemical doping effects are observed due to FLG and GO interaction with digestive juice components. No structural changes/degradation of the nanomaterials are detected, suggesting that they are biopersistent when administered by oral route. Chronic exposure to digested graphene does not affect intestinal barrier integrity and is not associated with inflammati...Continue Reading

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Citations

Aug 11, 2020·Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry·Raluca-Elena MunteanuSzilveszter Gáspár
Sep 24, 2020·PloS One·Pavel HorkySylvie Skalickova
May 21, 2021·Journal of Materials Chemistry. B, Materials for Biology and Medicine·Pranay RanjanPrashant Kumar
Jun 3, 2021·Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation·Sebastian Franco-UlloaMarco De Vivo

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