Birth Weight, Ethnicity, and Exposure to Trihalomethanes and Haloacetic Acids in Drinking Water during Pregnancy in the Born in Bradford Cohort

Environmental Health Perspectives
Rachel B SmithMireille B Toledano

Abstract

Evidence for a relationship between trihalomethane (THM) or haloacetic acid (HAA) exposure and adverse fetal growth is inconsistent. Disinfection by-products exist as complex mixtures in water supplies, but THMs and HAAs have typically been examined separately. We investigated joint exposure at the individual level to THMs and HAAs in relation to birth weight in the multi-ethnic Born in Bradford birth cohort. Pregnant women reported their water consumption and activities via questionnaire. These data were combined with area-level THM and HAA concentrations to estimate integrated uptake of THMs into blood and HAA ingestion, accounting for boiling/filtering. We examined the relationship between THM and HAA exposures and birth weight of up to 7,438 singleton term babies using multiple linear regression, stratified by ethnicity. Among Pakistani-origin infants, mean birth weight was significantly lower in association with the highest versus lowest tertiles of integrated THM uptake (e.g., -53.7 g; 95% CI: -89.9, -17.5 for ≥ 1.82 vs. < 1.05 μg/day of total THM) and there were significant trends (p < 0.01) across increasing tertiles, but there were no associations among white British infants. Neither ingestion of HAAs alone or jointly ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 21, 2018·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Daniela Dias, Oxana Tchepel
May 7, 2020·Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis·David M DeMarini
Jul 8, 2020·The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment·Lei HuangJane Bare
Mar 18, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Andressa GonsioroskiJodi A Flaws
Nov 24, 2021·Environmental Science & Technology·Chong LiuCarmen Messerlian

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