Bistability in a metabolic network underpins the de novo evolution of colony switching in Pseudomonas fluorescens

PLoS Biology
Jenna GalliePaul B Rainey

Abstract

Phenotype switching is commonly observed in nature. This prevalence has allowed the elucidation of a number of underlying molecular mechanisms. However, little is known about how phenotypic switches arise and function in their early evolutionary stages. The first opportunity to provide empirical insight was delivered by an experiment in which populations of the bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 evolved, de novo, the ability to switch between two colony phenotypes. Here we unravel the molecular mechanism behind colony switching, revealing how a single nucleotide change in a gene enmeshed in central metabolism (carB) generates such a striking phenotype. We show that colony switching is underpinned by ON/OFF expression of capsules consisting of a colanic acid-like polymer. We use molecular genetics, biochemical analyses, and experimental evolution to establish that capsule switching results from perturbation of the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway. Of central importance is a bifurcation point at which uracil triphosphate is partitioned towards either nucleotide metabolism or polymer production. This bifurcation marks a cell-fate decision point whereby cells with relatively high pyrimidine levels favour nucleotide metabolism (...Continue Reading

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
GSE48900

Methods Mentioned

BETA
Fluorescence
dissection
PCR
fluorescence imaging

Software Mentioned

Basic Local Alignment Search Tool TBLASTN
BLAST ( Basic Local Alignment Search Tool )
ELAND
Basic Local Alignment Search Tool protein ( BLASTP
DEseq R
SOAP
Preview
MATLAB

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