Bite Forces and Their Measurement in Dogs and Cats

Frontiers in Veterinary Science
Se Eun KimFrank J M Verstraete

Abstract

Bite force is generated by the interaction of the masticatory muscles, the mandibles and maxillae, the temporomandibular joints (TMJs), and the teeth. Several methods to measure bite forces in dogs and cats have been described. Direct in vivo measurement of a bite in dogs has been done; however, bite forces were highly variable due to animal volition, situation, or specific measurement technique. Bite force has been measured in vivo from anesthetized dogs by electrical stimulation of jaw adductor muscles, but this may not be reflective of volitional bite force during natural activity. In vitro bite forces have been estimated by calculation of the force produced using mechanical equations representing the jaw adductor muscles and of the mandible and skull structure Bite force can be estimated in silico using finite element analysis (FEA) of the computed model of the anatomical structures. FEA can estimate bite force in extinct species; however, estimates may be lower than the measurements in live animals and would have to be validated specifically in domestic dogs and cats to be reliable. The main factors affecting the bite forces in dogs and cats are body weight and the skull's morphology and size. Other factors such as oral pa...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 28, 2019·American Journal of Veterinary Research·Boaz ArziSusan M Stover
May 28, 2020·Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association·Jason W Soukup, Cynthia M Bell
Jun 27, 2020·The Journal of Experimental Biology·Colline BrassardAnthony Herrel
Nov 17, 2020·Frontiers in Veterinary Science·Chris Zink, Marcia R Schlehr
Feb 11, 2021·Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI·Matilde LombarderoMaría Del Mar Yllera

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
force measurement
force measurements

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