Bitter melon extract ameliorates palmitate-induced apoptosis via inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress in HepG2 cells and high-fat/high-fructose-diet-induced fatty liver

Food & Nutrition Research
Hwa Joung LeeKwan-Woo Lee

Abstract

Bitter melon (BM) improves glucose level, lipid homeostasis, and insulin resistance in vivo. However, the preventive mechanism of BM in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has not been elucidated yet. To determine the protective mechanism of bitter melon extract (BME), we performed experiments in vitro and in vivo. BME were treated palmitate (PA)-administrated HepG2 cells. C57BL/6J mice were divided into two groups: high-fat/high-fructose (HF/HFr) without or with BME supplementation (100 mg/kg body weight). Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, apoptosis, and biochemical markers were then examined by western blot and real-time PCR analyses. BME significantly decreased expression levels of ER-stress markers (including phospho-eIF2α, CHOP, and phospho-JNK [Jun N-terminal kinases]) in PA-treated HepG2 cells. BME also significantly decreased the activity of cleaved caspase-3 (a well known apoptotic-induced molecule) and DNA fragmentation. The effect of BME on ER stress-mediated apoptosis in vitro was similarly observed in HF/HFr-fed mice in vivo. BME significantly reduced HF/HFr-induced hepatic triglyceride (TG) and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) as markers of hepatic damage in mice. In addition, BME ameliorated HF/HFr-indu...Continue Reading

References

Sep 15, 2004·Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy·Takashi Momoi
Oct 4, 2005·The Journal of Clinical Investigation·Chunyan XuJohn C Reed
Apr 12, 2011·Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology·Naim AlkhouriAriel E Feldstein
Mar 4, 2014·World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG·Xue-Qun ZhangYou-Ming Li
Feb 1, 2017·Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy = Biomédecine & Pharmacothérapie·Hyeon-Soo JeongHyeung-Jin Jang

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jul 22, 2019·International Journal of Obesity : Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity·S EzquerroA Rodríguez

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Methods Mentioned

BETA
PCR
electrophoresis
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
ELISA
flow cytometry

Software Mentioned

Quantity One D

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Apoptosis

Apoptosis is a specific process that leads to programmed cell death through the activation of an evolutionary conserved intracellular pathway leading to pathognomic cellular changes distinct from cellular necrosis