Blessing and Curse: How a Supercapacitor's Large Capacitance Causes its Slow Charging

Physical Review Letters
Cheng LianRené van Roij

Abstract

The development of novel electrolytes and electrodes for supercapacitors is hindered by a gap of several orders of magnitude between experimentally measured and theoretically predicted charging time scales. Here, we propose an electrode model, containing many parallel stacked electrodes, that explains the slow charging dynamics of supercapacitors. At low applied potentials, the charging behavior of this model is described well by an equivalent circuit model. Conversely, at high potentials, charging dynamics slow down and evolve on two relaxation time scales: a generalized RC time and a diffusion time, which, interestingly, become similar for porous electrodes. The charging behavior of the stack-electrode model presented here helps to understand the charging dynamics of porous electrodes and qualitatively agrees with experimental time scales measured with porous electrodes.

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Citations

Aug 29, 2020·Physical Review Letters·Ankur GuptaHoward A Stone
Dec 2, 2020·Nature Communications·Konrad BreitsprecherSvyatoslav Kondrat
Jul 20, 2021·Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal·Yuki Uematsu
Jan 7, 2021·The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B·Leying QingZhen-Gang Wang

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