Blocking the metabolism of starch breakdown products in Arabidopsis leaves triggers chloroplast degradation.

Molecular Plant
Michaela StettlerSamuel C Zeeman

Abstract

In most plants, a large fraction of photo-assimilated carbon is stored in the chloroplasts during the day as starch and remobilized during the subsequent night to support metabolism. Mutations blocking either starch synthesis or starch breakdown in Arabidopsis thaliana reduce plant growth. Maltose is the major product of starch breakdown exported from the chloroplast at night. The maltose excess 1 mutant (mex1), which lacks the chloroplast envelope maltose transporter, accumulates high levels of maltose and starch in chloroplasts and develops a distinctive but previously unexplained chlorotic phenotype as leaves mature. The introduction of additional mutations that prevent starch synthesis, or that block maltose production from starch, also prevent chlorosis of mex1. In contrast, introduction of mutations in disproportionating enzyme (DPE1) results in the accumulation of maltotriose in addition to maltose, and greatly increases chlorosis. These data suggest a link between maltose accumulation and chloroplast homeostasis. Microscopic analyses show that the mesophyll cells in chlorotic mex1 leaves have fewer than half the number of chloroplasts than wild-type cells. Transmission electron microscopy reveals autophagy-like chloropl...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 29, 2010·Photosynthesis Research·Qihua LingPaul Jarvis
Jul 16, 2013·Journal of Plant Physiology·Magdalena Szechyńska-Hebda, Stanisław Karpiński
Sep 29, 2012·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·Sebastian StrebSamuel C Zeeman
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Methods Mentioned

BETA
light microscopy
transmission electron microscopy
genotyping
Fluorescence
scanning electron microscopy
Chip

Software Mentioned

GeneSpring GX
Cytoscape
BiNGO
DAVID
Affymetrix Gene Chip Operating Software ( GCOS1
SystemsX
MAPMAN

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