Blood brain barrier (BBB)-disruption in intracortical silicon microelectrode implants

Biomaterials
Cassie BennettAbhishek Prasad

Abstract

Chronically implanted microelectrodes in the neural tissue elicit inflammatory responses that are time varying and have been shown to depend on multiple factors. Among these factors, blood brain barrier (BBB)-disruption has been hypothesized as one of the dominant factors resulting in electrode failure. A series of events that includes BBB and cell-membrane disruption occurs during electrode implantation that triggers multiple biochemical cascades responsible for microglial and astroglial activation, hemorrhage, edema, and release of pro-inflammatory neurotoxic cytokines that causes neuronal degeneration and dysfunction. Typically, microwire arrays and silicon probes are inserted slowly into the neural tissue whereas the silicon Utah MEAs (UMEA) are inserted at a high speed using a pneumatic inserter. In this work, we report the sequelae of electrode-implant induced cortical injury at various acute time points in UMEAs implanted in the brain tissue by quantifying the expression profile for key genes mediating the inflammatory response and tight junction (TJ) and adherens junction (AJ) proteins that form the BBB and are critical to the functioning of the BBB. Our results indicated upregulation of most pro-inflammatory genes rela...Continue Reading

Citations

Aug 30, 2019·Advanced Healthcare Materials·Morgan FergusonFeng Zhao
Apr 3, 2020·Journal of Neural Engineering·Elizabeth A DuganSuhrud M Rajguru
Aug 31, 2018·Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology·John K HermannJeffrey R Capadona
Apr 16, 2019·Frontiers in Neuroscience·Dayo O AdewoleD Kacy Cullen
Sep 28, 2018·Journal of Neural Engineering·Janak GaireKevin J Otto
Nov 15, 2018·Micromachines·Bailey M WinterErin K Purcell
May 28, 2020·Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology·Shreya MahajanEvon S Ereifej
Aug 2, 2018·Frontiers in Neuroscience·Youjoung KimEvon S Ereifej
Apr 24, 2019·Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express·Shubham DebnathAbhishek Prasad
Dec 15, 2020·Biomaterials·Cassie BennettAbhishek Prasad
Apr 30, 2021·Frontiers in Neuroscience·Maryam HejaziDavid J Garrett
Apr 30, 2021·Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience·Ouzéna Bouadi, Tuan Leng Tay

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