Blood CRP levels are elevated in children and adolescents with functional neurological symptom disorder

European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
Kasia KozlowskaEllis Patrick

Abstract

There is accumulating evidence that patients with functional neurological symptom disorder (FND) show activation of multiple components of the stress system-the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, autonomic nervous system, and brain regions involved in arousal- and emotion-processing. This study aims to examine whether the immune-inflammatory component of the stress system is also activated. C-reactive protein (CRP) blood titre levels were measured in 79 children and adolescents with FND. CRP values ≥ 2 mg/L suggest low-grade inflammation. CRP values > 10 mg/L suggest a disease process. Sixty-six percent of subjects (n = 52) had CRP titres ≥ 2 mg/L. The upward shift in the distribution of CRP levels suggested low-grade inflammation (median CRP concentration was 4.60 mg/L, with 75th and 90th percentiles of 6.1 and 10.3 mg/L, respectively). Elevated CRP titres were not explained by sex, pubertal status, BMI, or medical factors. Confounder analyses suggested that history of maltreatment (χ2 = 2.802, df = 1, p = 0.094, φ = 0.190; β = 2.823, p = 0.04) and a diagnosis of anxiety (χ2 = 2.731, df = 1, p = 0.098, φ = 0.187; β = 4.520, p = 0.061) contributed to elevated CRP levels. Future research will need to identify the origins and l...Continue Reading

References

Nov 25, 1981·Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry·B ShineM B Pepys
Jun 18, 1998·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·B S McEwen
Dec 11, 1999·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·M VisserT B Harris
Dec 20, 2002·Nature·Kevin J Tracey
Jun 19, 2003·The Journal of Clinical Investigation·Mark B Pepys, Gideon M Hirschfield
Sep 14, 2004·Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews·Willie K Dong, William T Greenough
Apr 8, 2006·Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry·Murad AtmacaBilge Kara
Jan 2, 2007·Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry·Kasia KozlowskaJohn Varghese
Aug 31, 2007·Clinical Psychology Review·Karin Roelofs, Philip Spinhoven
Nov 30, 2007·CNS & Neurological Disorders Drug Targets·Mounira Banasr, Ronald S Duman
Jun 9, 2009·Brain, Behavior, and Immunity·Lineke M TakJudith G M Rosmalen
Aug 2, 2011·Psychoneuroendocrinology·Karin A M JanssensJudith G M Rosmalen
Nov 22, 2011·Epilepsy & Behavior : E&B·Claus ReinsbergerBarbara A Dworetzky
Dec 28, 2011·Pediatrics·Jack P ShonkoffUNKNOWN Section on Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics
Mar 20, 2012·Nature Neuroscience·Robert J ZatorreHeidi Johansen-Berg
Dec 14, 2012·Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry·Selma AybekRichard A Kanaan
Apr 27, 2013·The British Journal of Psychiatry : the Journal of Mental Science·Cornelius AniElena Garralda
Sep 12, 2013·Developmental Psychobiology·Ann-Marie CreavenEric Loken
Sep 17, 2013·Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry·T R NicholsonR A Kanaan
Jan 21, 2014·Journal of the Neurological Sciences·Isabel PareésMark J Edwards
Apr 20, 2014·Frontiers in Immunology·Marc-André Bellavance, Serge Rivest
May 3, 2014·Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology·David BaumeisterValeria Mondelli
Jun 20, 2014·Comprehensive Physiology·M J Kenney, C K Ganta
Jul 30, 2014·Frontiers in Psychiatry·John A ChalmersAndrew H Kemp
Jan 1, 2013·Modern Trends in Pharmacopsychiatry·Charles L Raison, Andrew H Miller
Nov 8, 2014·Harvard Review of Psychiatry·Dost ÖngürBruce M Cohen
Jan 15, 2015·Brain : a Journal of Neurology·Marco L LoggiaJacob M Hooker
Mar 17, 2015·Child Psychiatry and Human Development·Rheanna PlattGolda S Ginsburg
Jan 1, 2014·Arthritis Research & Therapy·Georg Pongratz, Rainer H Straub
May 9, 2015·Psychosomatic Medicine·Kasia KozlowskaLeanne M Williams
Sep 26, 2015·Nature Neuroscience·Amy F T Arnsten
Mar 12, 2016·Journal of Dental Research·E Vachon-PresseauA V Apkarian
Mar 12, 2016·BMC Immunology·Lindsey RussellMary Ann Fletcher
Mar 22, 2016·CNS Spectrums·David L Perez, W Curt LaFrance
Oct 22, 2016·Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews·Heather C Brenhouse, Jaclyn M Schwarz
Aug 16, 2016·Acta Neuropathologica·Britta EngelhardtRoy O Weller

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Aug 1, 2019·Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry·Peter M McInnisKasia Kozlowska
Dec 4, 2020·Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews·Monika I Roydeva, Antje A T S Reinders
Oct 30, 2021·The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences·Sara Paredes-EcheverriDavid L Perez

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.