Blood flow velocity waveforms of the umbilical artery in a normal population: reference values from 18 weeks to 42 weeks of gestation

Ultraschall in der Medizin : Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Ultraschall in der Medizin, [der] Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Ultraschall in der Medizin, [der] Schweizerischen Gesellschaft für Ultraschall in Medizin und Biologie
F BahlmannA Puhl

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to calculate new Doppler reference ranges for systolic, intensity-weighted mean, and end-diastolic blood flow velocities (Vmax, Vmean, Vmin) and fetal heart rate and impedance indices (PI, RI) of the umbilical artery by automatic waveform analysis. A cross-sectional prospective study of 1926 low-risk pregnancies was performed at 18 - 42 weeks of gestation. The measurements were carried out in the region of a free floating loop of cord. Reference ranges for the individual measuring parameters were constructed based on a growth function from a four-parameter class of monotonic continuous functions according to the smallest square principle. The intraobserver reliability was also assessed. A significant increase in umbilical blood flow velocity was observed at 18 - 42 weeks of gestation (Vmax = 33.7 cm/sec to 65 cm/sec (p < 0.001), Vmean = 18.2 cm/sec to 38.7 cm/sec (p < 0.001) and Vmin = 8.2 to 31 cm/sec (p < 0.001). Reference curves for the pulsatility and the resistance index were associated with significant decreases with increasing gestational age (PI: 18 weeks: 1.3; 28 weeks: 1.1; 42 weeks: 0.8 and RI: 18 weeks: 0.7; 28 weeks: 0.6; 42 weeks: 0.5). The fetal heart rate decreased from 147 - 134...Continue Reading

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Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology : the Official Journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
F BahlmannC Welter
Ultraschall in der Medizin : Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Ultraschall in der Medizin, [der] Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Ultraschall in der Medizin, [der] Schweizerischen Gesellschaft für Ultraschall in Medizin und Biologie
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