PMID: 25792777May 1, 2006Paper

Blue metal complex pigments involved in blue flower color

Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and Biological Sciences
Kosaku Takeda

Abstract

The blue pigment of cornflower, protocyanin, has been investigated for a long time, but its precise structure was not entirely explained until recently. The molecular structure of the pigment was recently shown to be a metal complex of six molecules each of anthocyanin and flavone glycoside, with one ferric iron, one magnesium and two calcium ions by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The studies provided the answer to the question posed in the early part of the last century, "why is the cornflower blue and rose red when both flowers contain the same anthocyanin?" This work was achieved on the basis of the results of long years of the studies made by many researchers. In this review, the author focuses on the investigations of the blue metal complex pigments involved in the bluing of flowers, commelinin from Commelina commusis, protocyanin from Centaurea cyanus, protodelphin from Salvia patens and hydrangea blue pigment.

Citations

Dec 17, 2008·Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and Biological Sciences·Masaaki ShionoKosaku Takeda
Jun 13, 2009·Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and Biological Sciences·Kumi YoshidaTadao Kondo
Apr 25, 2013·Phytochemical Analysis : PCA·Laura RustioniOsvaldo Failla
Jan 8, 2010·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Yoshikazu TanakaSteve Chandler
May 24, 2008·Natural Product Reports·Nigel C Veitch, Renée J Grayer
May 14, 2020·BMC Plant Biology·Che-Yu LiangHong-Hwa Chen
Jun 26, 2009·Natural Product Reports·Kumi YoshidaTadao Kondo
Apr 17, 2010·Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry·Henry D SchreiberTaylor D Godsey
Dec 28, 2019·Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry·Tomomi Ujihara, Nobuyuki Hayashi

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