Bone marrow cytological findings in 4 dogs and a cat with hemophagocytic syndrome

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine
R M WaltonS L Wheeler

Abstract

Hemophagocytic syndrome or hemophagic histiocytosis was diagnosed in 4 dogs and 1 cat by evaluation of bone marrow aspirate smears. One of the dogs had a suspected infection with canine parvovirus and a confirmed infection with Salmonella spp, 2 dogs had presumptive diagnoses of myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative disease, respectively, and 1 dog died without a diagnosis. The cat had hepatic lipidosis and lesions compatible with feline calicivirus infection. All animals had cytopenias involving 2 or more cell lines, and fragmented erythrocytes in the blood, along with mild to moderate increases in the number of macrophages in the bone marrow. Numerous marrow macrophages contained phagocytized hematopoietic cells. Other cytological features of the bone marrow were variable in each patient, but the degree of response in the blood was inadequate, even in those with bone marrow hyperplasia. The phagocytosis of hematopoietic elements did not appear to be caused by a primary immune disorder, but rather by the inappropriate activation of normal macrophages secondary to infectious, neoplastic, or metabolic diseases. These findings suggest that hemophagocytic syndrome may be an important factor in the development of cytopenias; t...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 13, 1998·The Journal of Small Animal Practice·C Stockhaus, R J Slappendel
Jan 1, 1997·Veterinary Clinical Pathology·R. M. WaltonM. A. Thrall
Jun 21, 2002·Veterinary Clinical Pathology·Douglas J. WeissJane Sykes
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Mar 12, 2021·The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science·Makoto AkiyoshiMasami Akiyoshi

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