Bone Marrow-Derived Monocytes Drive the Inflammatory Microenvironment in Local and Remote Regions after Thoracic Spinal Cord Injury

Journal of Neurotrauma
Diana M NordenD Michele Basso

Abstract

Spinal cord injury (SCI) produces a toxic inflammatory microenvironment that negatively affects plasticity and recovery. Recently, we showed glial activation and peripheral myeloid cell infiltration extending beyond the epicenter through the remote lumbar cord after thoracic SCI. The presence and role of infiltrating monocytes is important, especially in the lumbar cord where locomotor central pattern generators are housed. Therefore, we compared the inflammatory profile of resident microglia and peripheral myeloid cells after SCI. Bone marrow chimeras received midthoracic contusive SCI, and trafficking was determined 1-7 days later. Fluorescence-activated cell (FAC) sorting showed similar infiltration timing of both neutrophils and macrophages in epicenter and lumbar regions. While neutrophil numbers were attenuated by day 3, macrophages remained unchanged at day 7, suggesting that macrophages have important long-term influence on the microenvironment. Nanostring gene array identified a strong proinflammatory profile of infiltrating macrophages relative to microglia at both epicenter and lumbar sites. Macrophages had elevated expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IFNγ), chemokines (CCL2, CXCL2), mediators (COX-1, MMP-9)...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 12, 2020·Journal of Extracellular Vesicles·Adriana-Natalia MurgociMichel Salzet
Apr 17, 2020·Frontiers in Pharmacology·Pia M Vidal, Rodrigo Pacheco
Mar 23, 2021·Frontiers in Immunology·Daniela C IvanGiuseppe Locatelli
Dec 29, 2020·Progress in Neurobiology·Francina Mesquida-VenyArnau Hervera
Aug 11, 2021·World Neurosurgery·Xiangyu LiuTaibao Qian

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
FACS
Confocal Microscopy
flow cytometry
gene array

Software Mentioned

nSolver
SPSS
FlowJo Star
FlowJo

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