Bone Regeneration: A Novel Osteoinductive Function of Spongostan by the Interplay between Its Nano- and Microtopography.

Cells
Thomas VordemvenneBarbara Kaltschmidt

Abstract

Scaffold materials for bone regeneration are crucial for supporting endogenous healing after accidents, infections, or tumor resection. Although beneficial impacts of microtopological or nanotopological cues in scaffold topography are commonly acknowledged, less consideration is given to the interplay between the microscale and nanoscale. Here, micropores with a 60.66 ± 24.48 µm diameter ordered by closely packed collagen fibers are identified in pre-wetted Spongostan, a clinically-approved collagen sponge. On a nanoscale level, a corrugated surface of the collagen sponge is observable, leading to the presence of 32.97 ± 1.41 nm pores. This distinct micro- and nanotopography is shown to be solely sufficient for guiding osteogenic differentiation of human stem cells in vitro. Transplantation of Spongostan into a critical-size calvarial rat bone defect further leads to fast regeneration of the lesion. However, masking the micro- and nanotopographical cues using SiO2 nanoparticles prevents bone regeneration in vivo. Therefore, we demonstrate that the identified micropores allow migration of stem cells, which are further driven towards osteogenic differentiation by scaffold nanotopography. The present findings emphasize the necessi...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 9, 2021·Stem Cell Research & Therapy·Mesude BicerDarius Widera
Feb 13, 2021·Tissue Engineering. Part a·Hang ZhangJing Qu
Jun 15, 2021·Minerva Dental and Oral Science·Gabriele CervinoLuca Fiorillo
Jul 13, 2021·Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology·Behnaz Banimohamad-ShotorbaniHajar Shafaei

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
scanning electron microscopy
confocal scanning microscopy

Software Mentioned

Spongostan
ZEN
Graph pad prism

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