Bone toughness at the molecular scale: A model for fracture toughness using crosslinked osteopontin on synthetic and biogenic mineral substrates

Bone
S CavelierF Barthelat

Abstract

The most prominent structural components in bone are collagen and mineral. However, bone additionally contains a substantial amount of noncollagenous proteins (most notably of the SIBLING protein family), some of which may act as cohesive/adhesive "binders" for the composite hybrid collagen/mineral scaffolding, whether in the bulk phase of bone, or at its interfaces. One such noncollagenous protein - osteopontin (OPN) - appears to be critical to the deformability and fracture toughness of bone. In the present study, we used a reconstructed synthetic mineral-OPN-mineral interface, and a biogenic (natural tooth dentin) mineral/collagen-OPN-mineral/collagen interface, to measure the fracture toughness of OPN on mineralized substrates. We used this system to test the hypothesis that OPN crosslinking by the enzyme tissue transglutaminase 2 (TG2) that is found in bone enhances interfacial adhesion to increase the fracture toughness of bone. For this, we prepared double-cantilever beam substrates of synthetic pure hydroxyapatite mineral, and of narwhal dentin, and directly apposed them to one another under different intervening OPN/crosslinking conditions, and fracture toughness was tested using a miniaturized loading stage. The work-...Continue Reading

Citations

Feb 5, 2019·Micromachines·Maria Pia SavocaElisabetta A M Verderio
Aug 7, 2019·Materials·Xiuwen LiuHåkan Engqvist
Oct 7, 2019·Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials·Mohammad Maghsoudi-GanjehXiaowei Zeng
Mar 24, 2021·Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials·S CavelierF Barthelat
Oct 14, 2020·Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials·Siyuan PangIwona Jasiuk
May 15, 2020·ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces·Yang WangDong Qian

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