PMID: 16529539Mar 15, 2006Paper

Boron containing macromolecules and nanovehicles as delivery agents for neutron capture therapy

Anti-cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry
Gong WuJoseph M Backer

Abstract

Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is based on the nuclear capture and fission reactions that occur when non-radioactive boron-10 is irradiated with low energy thermal neutrons to yield high linear energy transfer (LET) alpha particles ((4)He) and recoiling lithium -7((7)Li) nuclei. For BNCT to be successful, a sufficient number of (10)B atoms ( approximately 10(9) atoms/cell) must be selectively delivered to the tumor and enough thermal neutrons must be absorbed by them to sustain a lethal (10)B(n, alpha) (7)Li capture reaction. BNCT primarily has been used to treat patients with brain tumors, and more recently those with head and neck cancer. Two low molecular weight (LMW) boron delivery agents currently are being used clinically, sodium borocaptate and boronophenylalanine. However, a variety of high molecular weight (HMW) agents consisting of macromolecules and nanovehicles have been developed. This review will focus on the latter which include: monoclonal antibodies, dendrimers, liposomes, dextrans, polylysine, avidin, folic acid, and epidermal and vascular endothelial growth factors (EGF and VEGF). Procedures for introducing boron atoms into these HMW agents and their chemical properties will be discussed. In vivo studie...Continue Reading

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