Botulinum Toxin and Muscle Atrophy: A Wanted or Unwanted Effect

Aesthetic Surgery Journal
Paul D DurandJames E Zins

Abstract

While the facial rejuvenating effect of botulinum toxin type A is well known and widespread, its use in body and facial contouring is less common. We first describe its use for deliberate muscle volume reduction, and then document instances of unanticipated and undesirable muscle atrophy. Finally, we investigate the potential long-term adverse effects of botulinum toxin-induced muscle atrophy. Although the use of botulinum toxin type A in the cosmetic patient has been extensively studied, there are several questions yet to be addressed. Does prolonged botulinum toxin treatment increase its duration of action? What is the mechanism of muscle atrophy and what is the cause of its reversibility once treatment has stopped? We proceed to examine how prolonged chemodenervation with botulinum toxin can increase its duration of effect and potentially contribute to muscle atrophy. Instances of inadvertent botulinum toxin-induced atrophy are also described. These include the "hourglass deformity" secondary to botulinum toxin type A treatment for migraine headaches, and a patient with atrophy of multiple facial muscles from injections for hemifacial spasm. Numerous reports demonstrate that muscle atrophy after botulinum toxin type A treatm...Continue Reading

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Citations

Aug 4, 2018·Toxins·Mehri SalariMandar S Jog
Nov 30, 2019·Brain : a Journal of Neurology·Judith A PijpersGisela M Terwindt
Jul 12, 2020·American Journal of Clinical Dermatology·Tina S Alster, Iris S Harrison
Mar 13, 2021·Journal of Cranio-maxillo-facial Surgery : Official Publication of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery·Emre BalabanPolat Koşucu
Oct 12, 2021·Pharmacology Research & Perspectives·Cindy PérierMikhail Kalinichev

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