Brain structural connectivity and context-dependent extinction memory

Hippocampus
Andrea HermannChristian J Merz

Abstract

Extinction of conditioned fear represents an important mechanism in the treatment of anxiety disorders. Return of fear after successful extinction or exposure therapy in patients with anxiety disorders might be linked to poor temporal or contextual generalization of extinction due to individual differences in brain structural connectivity. The goal of this magnetic resonance imaging study was therefore to investigate the association of context-dependent extinction recall with brain structural connectivity. Diffusion-tensor imaging was used to determine the fractional anisotropy as a measure of white matter structural integrity of fiber tracts connecting central brain regions of the fear and extinction circuit (uncinate fasciculus, cingulum). Forty-five healthy men participated in a two-day fear conditioning experiment with fear acquisition in context A and extinction learning in context B on the first day. Extinction recall in the extinction context as well as renewal in the acquisition context and a novel context C took place one day later. Renewal of conditioned fear (skin conductance responses) in the acquisition context was associated with higher structural integrity of the hippocampal part of the cingulum. Enhanced structu...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 1, 2018·Psychopharmacology·Nicolas Singewald, Andrew Holmes
Mar 8, 2019·Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience·Mario Rafael Pagani, Emiliano Merlo
Jan 30, 2021·Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience·Arash JavanbakhtVaibhav A Diwadkar
Sep 25, 2020·Physiological Reviews·Mark E BoutonGavan P McNally

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