Brain to bone: What is the contribution of the brain to skeletal homeostasis?

Bone
Anna Idelevich, Roland Baron

Abstract

The brain, which governs most, if not all, physiological functions in the body, from the complexities of cognition, learning and memory, to the regulation of basal body temperature, heart rate and breathing, has long been known to affect skeletal health. In particular, the hypothalamus - located at the base of the brain in close proximity to the medial eminence, where the blood-brain-barrier is not as tight as in other regions of the brain but rather "leaky", due to fenestrated capillaries - is exposed to a variety of circulating body cues, such as nutrients (glucose, fatty acids, amino acids), and hormones (insulin, glucagon, leptin, adiponectin) [1-3].Information collected from the body via these peripheral cues is integrated by hypothalamic sensing neurons and glial cells [4-7], which express receptors for these nutrients and hormones, transforming these cues into physiological outputs. Interestingly, many of the same molecules, including leptin, adiponectin and insulin, regulate both energy and skeletal homeostasis. Moreover, they act on a common set of hypothalamic nuclei and their residing neurons, activating endocrine and neuronal systems, which ultimately fine-tune the body to new physiological states. This review will ...Continue Reading

Citations

Apr 19, 2019·Journal of Bone and Mineral Research : the Official Journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research·Anna IdelevichRoland Baron
Mar 4, 2020·American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism·Claes OhlssonMarie K Lagerquist
Oct 2, 2019·Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology·Thomas H AmbrosiCharles K F Chan
Jan 30, 2020·Journal of Bone and Mineral Research : the Official Journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research·Anna IdelevichRoland Baron
Jul 17, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Ellen OttoJohannes Keller
Apr 5, 2020·Genes·Anna Idelevich, Felipe Vilella
May 12, 2020·Frontiers in Endocrinology·Danilo FintiniMelania Manco
Oct 7, 2020·The Journal of Clinical Investigation·Ji Su SunKi Woo Kim
Feb 10, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Noirrit-Esclassan EmmanuelleVinel Alexia
Apr 16, 2021·Advanced Science·Qian-Qian WanKai Jiao
May 22, 2021·Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology·Lifei LiuJun Zou

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