Breakdown of a defensive symbiosis, but not endogenous defences, at elevated temperatures

Molecular Ecology
Matthew R DoremusKerry M Oliver

Abstract

Environmental factors, including temperature, can have large effects on species interactions, including mutualisms and antagonisms. Most insect species are infected with heritable bacterial symbionts with many protecting their hosts from natural enemies. However, many symbionts or their products are thermally sensitive; hence, their effectiveness may vary across a range of temperatures. In the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, the bacterial symbiont Hamiltonella defensa and its associated APSE bacteriophages confer resistance to this aphid's dominant parasitoid, Aphidius ervi. Here, we investigate the effects of temperature on both endogenous and symbiont-based protection against this parasitoid. We also explored the defensive properties of the X-type symbiont, a bacterium hypothesized to shape aphid defence when co-occurring with H. defensa. We show that H. defensa protection fails at higher temperatures, although some aphid genotype and H. defensa strain combinations are more robust than others at moderately warmer temperatures. We also found that a single X-type strain neither defended against parasitism by A. ervi nor rescued lost H. defensa protection at higher temperatures. In contrast, endogenous aphid resistance was effec...Continue Reading

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Citations

Apr 18, 2018·Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society·Christoph Vorburger, Steve J Perlman
Jan 24, 2019·Molecular Ecology·Loren RiesebergNolan Kane
May 30, 2019·Microbiology·Nicole L Lynn-BellKerry M Oliver
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May 23, 2019·Current Opinion in Insect Science·Kerry M Oliver, Clesson Hv Higashi
Mar 28, 2021·Current Opinion in Insect Science·Mayra C VidalKari A Segraves

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