Breast Prosthesis Syndrome: Pathophysiology and Management Algorithm
Abstract
The cosmetic use of devices like prostheses to increase breast volume is nothing new. It is calculated that millions of people have been exposed to silicone in several ways, including breast implants, and since 1964 there has been uncertainty regarding their safety. We did not find in the literature any studies that reported the appearance of a specific immunological disease in patients with silicone breast implants. Furthermore, there are also neither case-control studies nor reports of patients proving that symptoms of autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA) occurred after the placement of silicone implants nor that the patients had pre-existing symptoms. Several studies link silicone to allergic reactions and the development of systemic autoimmune diseases; however, other studies deny this association. There are currently several theories about the effect of silicone on the body. One theory with greater acceptance proposes an adjuvant effect of silicone on the development of autoimmune diseases in genetically predisposed patients. However, the variety of symptoms occurring in patients who develop these pathologies leads to doubts about the relationship between the adjuvant effects of a silicone prosthesi...Continue Reading
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Genetic polymorphisms and surface expression of CTLA-4 and PD-1 on T cells of silica-exposed workers
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