Breathing of awake goats during prolonged dysfunction of caudal M ventrolateral medullary neurons

Journal of Applied Physiology
H V ForsterB Sprtel

Abstract

Cooling the caudal M ventrolateral medullary (VLM) surface for 30 s results in a sustained apnea in anesthetized goats but only a 30% decrease in breathing in awake goats. The purpose of the present study was to determine, in the awake state, the effect of prolonged (minutes, hours) caudal M neuronal dysfunction on eupneic breathing and CO2 sensitivity. Dysfunction was created by ejecting excitatory amino acid receptor antagonists or a neurotoxin on the VLM surface through guide tubes chronically implanted bilaterally on a 10- to 12-mm2 portion of the caudal M VLM surface of 12 goats. Unilateral and bilateral ejections (1 microliter) of selective antagonists for N-methyl-D-aspartic acid or non-N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptors had no significant effect on eupneic breathing or CO2 sensitivity. Unilateral ejection of a nonselective excitatory amino acid receptor antagonist generally had no effect on eupneic breathing or CO2 sensitivity. However, bilateral ejection of this antagonist resulted in a significant 2-Torr hypoventilation during eupnea and a significant reduction in CO2 sensitivity to 60 +/- 9% of control. Unilateral ejection of the neurotoxin kainic acid initially stimulated breathing; however, breathing then returned ...Continue Reading

References

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Citations

Jul 18, 2001·Journal of Applied Physiology·J M WenningerH V Forster
Apr 1, 2003·The Journal of Physiology·J L Ribas-SalgueiroJ Ribas
Nov 6, 1998·Journal of Applied Physiology·H V Forster
Oct 23, 2002·Journal of Applied Physiology·Hideaki NakayamaJerome A Dempsey
Mar 11, 2003·Journal of Applied Physiology·Thom R FeroahTom Rice
Jul 13, 2004·Journal of Applied Physiology·J M WenningerH V Forster
Jun 24, 2006·Journal of Applied Physiology·S E DavisH V Forster
Mar 6, 2007·Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology·P F MartinoH V Forster
Oct 2, 2003·Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology·P F MartinoL G Pan

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