Bronchodilators and acute cardiac death

American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
S SuissaP Ernst

Abstract

Bronchodilators used in the treatment of airway disease have been shown to have a variety of cardiac effects that may contribute to the occurrence of life-threatening events such as cardiac arrhythmias and cardiac arrest. We investigated whether theophylline and beta-agonists were associated with cardiovascular mortality among a cohort of subjects prescribed antiasthma medications. We used a population-based cohort of 12,301 subjects aged 5 to 54 yr, formed from health-insurance data bases from Saskatchewan, Canada, and spanning the period 1978 to 1987. Within this cohort, we identified all 30 deaths from cardiovascular causes in which acute asthma did not appear to be a contributing factor. We identified all asthma and cardiovascular drugs dispensed to these subjects shortly before their deaths and compared this therapy to that dispensed to a random sample of 4,080 person-time controls. After adjustment for age and the prior use of cardiac drugs, the rate of cardiovascular death was greater in users of theophylline, with a rate ratio (RR) of 2.7 (95% Cl:1.2 to 6.1), and in users of beta-agonists taken orally or by nebulizer (RR = 2.4; 95% Cl:1.0 to 5.4), but not in users of beta-agonists administered by metered-dose inhaler (R...Continue Reading

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