Budgerigars have complex sleep structure similar to that of mammals.

PLoS Biology
Sofija V Canavan, Daniel Margoliash

Abstract

Birds and mammals share specialized forms of sleep including slow wave sleep (SWS) and rapid eye movement sleep (REM), raising the question of why and how specialized sleep evolved. Extensive prior studies concluded that avian sleep lacked many features characteristic of mammalian sleep, and therefore that specialized sleep must have evolved independently in birds and mammals. This has been challenged by evidence of more complex sleep in multiple songbird species. To extend this analysis beyond songbirds, we examined a species of parrot, the sister taxon to songbirds. We implanted adult budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) with electroencephalogram (EEG) and electrooculogram (EOG) electrodes to evaluate sleep architecture, and video monitored birds during sleep. Sleep was scored with manual and automated techniques, including automated detection of slow waves and eye movements. This can help define a new standard for how to score sleep in birds. Budgerigars exhibited consolidated sleep, a pattern also observed in songbirds, and many mammalian species, including humans. We found that REM constituted 26.5% of total sleep, comparable to humans and an order of magnitude greater than previously reported. Although we observed no spi...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 3, 2021·Clocks & Sleep·Anne E AulsebrookJohn A Lesku
Aug 26, 2021·PLoS Computational Biology·Sung-Ho ParkFranz Weber

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
dissection

Software Mentioned

SciPy Python library
scikit
guvcview
learn Python library
arfview
learn Python
AstroPy
NumPy
MEncoder
Python

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