Burning Eye Syndrome: Do Neuropathic Pain Mechanisms Underlie Chronic Dry Eye?

Pain Medicine : the Official Journal of the American Academy of Pain Medicine
Jerry P KalangaraConstantine D Sarantopoulos

Abstract

Dry eye is a multi-factorial disorder that manifests with painful ocular symptoms and visual disturbances, which can only be partly attributed to tear dysfunction. This disorder may also involve neuroplasticity in response to neuronal injury. This review will emphasize the key characteristics of dry eye pain and its pathologic mechanisms, making the argument that a subset of dry eye represents a neuropathic pain disorder of the eye, more appropriately called "burning eye syndrome." A literature review was conducted using a PubMed search focusing on dry eye, corneal nociception, and neuropathic pain. Articles were reviewed and those discussing clinical course, pathophysiology, and neuronal regulation of chronic ocular pain as related to dry eye were summarized. We found that there is a discordance between ocular pain and dryness on the ocular surface. Although tear dysfunction may be one of the initial insults, its persistence may be associated with repeated ocular sensory nerve injury leading to an acute-to-chronic pain transition associated with neuropathologic changes (peripheral and central sensitization), neuronal dysfunction, and spontaneous ocular pain. Dry eye is becoming a major health concern due to its increasing inci...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 4, 2020·Journal of Clinical Medicine·Hyeon-Jeong YoonKyung Chul Yoon
Dec 12, 2020·Frontiers in Human Neuroscience·Haohao YanShuguang Luo
May 13, 2021·Journal of Neuroinflammation·Darine FakihStéphane Mélik Parsadaniantz

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