Cadaveric study of anterior cruciate ligament failure patterns under uniaxial tension along the ligament

Arthroscopy : the Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery : Official Publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association
Nikolaos K PaschosAnastasios D Georgoulis

Abstract

The purpose of our study was to clarify the events that take place during anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) failure, focusing on the behavior of the ACL as a composition of multiple fibers, during uniaxial tension along the ligament. Ten fresh-frozen human cadaveric knee specimens were fixed in an Instron machine (Instron, Norwood, MA), and load was applied parallel to the ACL axis. Two cameras were used to detect the failure mode of the ACL and its different groups of fibers. The distinct bundles of fibers were marked in each specimen before testing. The macroscopic findings during the experiment were used for comparison with the biomechanical results. The ACL showed a non-monotonic response during testing. The load-elongation curve showed a plateau or a second peak after the initial drop in load. Macroscopically, some fibers were failing initially, whereas the intact fibers had a remaining load potential. In our setting, 3 different failure patterns were recognized, specifically, a midsubstance tear of the anteromedial or the posterolateral bundle with a subsequent failure of the intact bundle or an initial avulsion of the anteromedial attachment. Analysis of the video frames showed a direct connection between the failure patt...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 23, 2011·Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy : Official Journal of the ESSKA·Hidenori OtsuboToshihiko Yamashita
Nov 12, 2013·Arthroscopy : the Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery : Official Publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association·Michiel MylleJohan Bellemans
Nov 30, 2013·Arthroscopy : the Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery : Official Publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association·Eleni TriantafyllidiAnastasios D Georgoulis
Mar 3, 2012·Arthroscopy : the Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery : Official Publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association·Takashi OhsawaKenji Takagishi
Jul 14, 2010·Arthroscopy : the Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery : Official Publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association·James H Lubowitz, Gary G Poehling
Nov 3, 2010·Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Surgery & Research : OTSR·A D GeorgoulisG Mitsionis
Jun 21, 2011·The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·D G AggelisA D Georgoulis
May 4, 2017·EFORT Open Reviews·Nikolaos K Paschos, Stephen M Howell

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