PMID: 16640172Apr 28, 2006Paper

Calcium channel blockers, endothelial dysfunction, and combination therapy

Aging Clinical and Experimental Research
Ivonne Hernandez SchulmanLeopoldo Raij

Abstract

Endothelial dysfunction complicates hypertension and is a precursor of atherosclerosis. It is characterized by a reduction in the bioavailability of vasodilators, particularly nitric oxide (NO), and an increase in the activity of vasoconstrictors, including angiotensin (Ang) II and reactive oxygen species (ROS). To the extent that cardiovascular disease is characterized by an imbalance between NO, Ang II, and ROS in the endothelium, modulating the activity of these vasoactive substances has important implications for both the treatment of hypertension and the prevention of atherosclerosis and end organ damage. Accumulating experimental and clinical data suggest that a multitherapy antihypertensive regimen that includes inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system and calcium channel antagonists may further reduce cardiovascular risk via greater improvements in endothelial function, in addition to the well-documented blood pressure lowering effects. Experimental studies in small and large coronary arteries and in aorta indicate that the calcium channel blocker, amlodipine, stimulates NO generation. These drug-specific actions beyond blood pressure lowering may exert cardio- and vasculoprotective effects by preventing the maladapti...Continue Reading

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