Calcium-chelating alizarin and other anthraquinones inhibit biofilm formation and the hemolytic activity of Staphylococcus aureus

Scientific Reports
Jin-Hyung LeeJintae Lee

Abstract

Staphylococcal biofilms are problematic and play a critical role in the persistence of chronic infections because of their abilities to tolerate antimicrobial agents. Thus, the inhibitions of biofilm formation and/or toxin production are viewed as alternative means of controlling Staphylococcus aureus infections. Here, the antibiofilm activities of 560 purified phytochemicals were examined. Alizarin at 10 μg/ml was found to efficiently inhibit biofilm formation by three S. aureus strains and a Staphylococcus epidermidis strain. In addition, two other anthraquinones purpurin and quinalizarin were found to have antibiofilm activity. Binding of Ca(2+) by alizarin decreased S. aureus biofilm formation and a calcium-specific chelating agent suppressed the effect of calcium. These three anthraquinones also markedly inhibited the hemolytic activity of S. aureus, and in-line with their antibiofilm activities, increased cell aggregation. A chemical structure-activity relationship study revealed that two hydroxyl units at the C-1 and C-2 positions of anthraquinone play important roles in antibiofilm and anti-hemolytic activities. Transcriptional analyses showed that alizarin repressed the α-hemolysin hla gene, biofilm-related genes (psmα...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 28, 2016·Frontiers in Microbiology·Zhiyan HeJingping Liang
Feb 12, 2017·Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters·Hyun Woo LeeHoon Kim
Mar 24, 2018·Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part a·Renjie WangJoseph Irudayaraj
Aug 14, 2020·Antonie van Leeuwenhoek·Rajsekhar AdhikaryVivekananda Mandal
Sep 14, 2018·Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology·Jin-Hyung LeeJintae Lee
Sep 26, 2019·Frontiers in Microbiology·Anthonymuthu SelvarajShunmugiah Karutha Pandian
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May 22, 2021·ACS Infectious Diseases·Jinxin ZhengZhijian Yu
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Oct 21, 2021·Journal of Medical Microbiology·Hongyan WangYongpeng Shang

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
confocal laser microscopy

Software Mentioned

Elements C
NIS
COMSTAT
ImageJ

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