Calcium pulstrodes with 10-fold enhanced sensitivity for measurements in the physiological concentration range

Analytical Chemistry
Sergey Makarychev-MikhailovEric Bakker

Abstract

Ion-selective electrodes ideally operate on the basis of the Nernst equation, which predicts less than 60- and 30-mV potential change for a 10-fold activity change of monovalent and divalent ions measured at room temperature, respectively. Typical concentration ranges in extracellular fluids are quite narrow for the electrolytes of key importance. A range of 2.2-2.6 mM for calcium ions, for instance, translates into just a 2.2-mV potential change. The direct potentiometric measurement of physiological electrolytes is certainly possible with direct potentiometry and is done routinely in clinical analyzers and handheld measuring devices. It places, however, strong demands on the precision of the reference electrode and requires careful temperature control and frequent calibration runs. In this paper, a robust 10-20-fold sensitivity enhancement for calcium measurements is attained by departing from the classical response mechanism and operating in a non-Nernstian response mode. Stable and reproducible super-Nernstian responses of these so-called pulstrodes in a narrow calcium activity range can be controlled by instrumental means in good agreement with theory. The potentials may be measured during a galvanostatic excitation pulse ...Continue Reading

References

Mar 31, 2000·Analytical Chemistry·E BakkerP Bühlmann
Nov 25, 2003·Analytical Chemistry·Alexey Shvarev, Eric Bakker
Aug 26, 2004·Journal of the American Chemical Society·Sergey Makarychev-MikhailovEric Bakker
Aug 16, 2005·Analytical Chemistry·Alexey Shvarev, Eric Bakker
Oct 14, 2005·Journal of the American Chemical Society·Alexey Shvarev, Eric Bakker
Oct 31, 2008·Talanta·Eric BakkerErnö Pretsch

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Citations

May 22, 2008·Analytical Chemistry·Benjamin J PrivettMark H Schoenfisch
Dec 11, 2008·Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids·Yida Xu, Eric Bakker
Feb 18, 2010·Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry·Justin M ZookErnő Lindner
Mar 28, 2007·Analytica Chimica Acta·Kebede L GemeneEric Bakker
Mar 18, 2017·Scientific Reports·Chunling WangDan Xiao
Jul 7, 2015·Journal of Materials Chemistry. B, Materials for Biology and Medicine·Johannes KoflerEmil J W List-Kratochvil
Dec 7, 2007·Journal of the American Chemical Society·Hasini Perera, Alexey Shvarev
Feb 21, 2019·Journal of the American Chemical Society·Fei JiaWei Jiang
May 10, 2007·Analytical Chemistry·Hasini PereraAlexey Shvarev
Jan 26, 2008·The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B·Justin M ZookErno Lindner
Jun 1, 2006·Journal of the American Chemical Society·Alexey Shvarev

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