Calmodulin-Cork Model of Gap Junction Channel Gating-One Molecule, Two Mechanisms.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
C Peracchia

Abstract

The Calmodulin-Cork gating model is based on evidence for the direct role of calmodulin (CaM) in channel gating. Indeed, chemical gating of cell-to-cell channels is sensitive to nanomolar cytosolic calcium concentrations [Ca2+]i. Calmodulin inhibitors and inhibition of CaM expression prevent chemical gating. CaMCC, a CaM mutant with higher Ca2+-sensitivity greatly increases chemical gating sensitivity (in CaMCC the NH2-terminal EF-hand pair (res. 9-76) is replaced by the COOH-terminal pair (res. 82-148). Calmodulin colocalizes with connexins. Connexins have high-affinity CaM binding sites. Several connexin mutants paired to wild-type connexins have a high gating sensitivity that is eliminated by inhibition of CaM expression. Repeated transjunctional voltage (Vj) pulses slowly and progressively close a large number of channels by the chemical/slow gate (CaM lobe). At the single-channel level, the chemical/slow gate closes and opens slowly with on-off fluctuations. The model proposes two types of CaM-driven gating: "Ca-CaM-Cork" and "CaM-Cork". In the first, gating involves Ca2+-induced CaM-activation. In the second, gating takes place without [Ca2+]i rise. The Ca-CaM-Cork gating is only reversed by a return of [Ca2+]i to resting...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 5, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Jaya AseervathamJohn O'Brien
Oct 9, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Alessio LissoniKatja Witschas
Nov 6, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Zhengping HuJean X Jiang
May 1, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Georg R Zoidl, David C Spray

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
fluorescence microscopy
X-ray
FRET

Software Mentioned

Cork
CaM

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