Calmodulin regulates fast axonal transport of squid axoplasm organelles

Brain Research Bulletin
D T RiveraD J Nelson

Abstract

The role of calmodulin (CaM) in organelle motility (fast axonal transport) in the axoplasm of the squid giant axon was evaluated directly using video-enhanced microscopy. Addition of 6 microM CaM to extruded squid axoplasm produced a 2.6-fold increase in the number of organelles moving per minute per unit area of axoplasm. When lower concentrations of CaM, including physiological concentration (2 micrograms/ml), were added to extruded axoplasm, the number of organelles moving was equally increased. CaM had no significant effect on the mean velocity of organelle translocations. The stimulatory effect of CaM was reduced significantly by the CaM inhibitors melittin (36 microM) and trifluoperazine (50 microM). Parvalbumin, a high-affinity calcium binding protein, did not stimulate motile activity. These results suggest that CaM is a positive regulator of fast axonal transport. At the molecular level, this regulation may involve microtubule-and/or actin-based motor proteins. Several possible molecular mechanisms are proposed.

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Citations

Feb 3, 2011·Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology : the Official Journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology·Jingdong ZhangHuangui Xiong
Jul 17, 1998·Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta·J Lane, V Allan
Oct 1, 1996·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·L P ZhaoJ A Mercer
Jul 14, 1998·The Journal of Cell Biology·D LuM K Raizada
Nov 20, 2012·Journal of Neuroscience Research·Jingdong ZhangHuangui Xiong

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