Can Carbon Nanomaterials Improve CZTS Photovoltaic Devices? Evaluation of Performance and Impacts Using Integrated Life-Cycle Assessment and Decision Analysis

Risk Analysis : an Official Publication of the Society for Risk Analysis
Ryan P ScottIgor Linkov

Abstract

In emergent photovoltaics, nanoscale materials hold promise for optimizing device characteristics; however, the related impacts remain uncertain, resulting in challenges to decisions on strategic investment in technology innovation. We integrate multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) and life-cycle assessment (LCA) results (LCA-MCDA) as a method of incorporating values of a hypothetical federal acquisition manager into the assessment of risks and benefits of emerging photovoltaic materials. Specifically, we compare adoption of copper zinc tin sulfide (CZTS) devices with molybdenum back contacts to alternative devices employing graphite or graphene instead of molybdenum. LCA impact results are interpreted alongside benefits of substitution including cost reductions and performance improvements through application of multi-attribute utility theory. To assess the role of uncertainty we apply Monte Carlo simulation and sensitivity analysis. We find that graphene or graphite back contacts outperform molybdenum under most scenarios and assumptions. The use of decision analysis clarifies potential advantages of adopting graphite as a back contact while emphasizing the importance of mitigating conventional impacts of graphene producti...Continue Reading

References

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Nov 26, 2010·Journal of the American Chemical Society·Qijie GuoRakesh Agrawal
Apr 29, 2011·Environmental Science & Technology·Igor Linkov, Thomas P Seager
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Apr 10, 2012·The Science of the Total Environment·Roland Hischier, Tobias Walser
Jan 19, 2013·Chemical Reviews·Xiangang Hu, Qixing Zhou

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Citations

Aug 5, 2017·Nature Nanotechnology·Igor LinkovJeffrey M Keisler
Aug 21, 2020·Risk Analysis : an Official Publication of the Society for Risk Analysis·Vicki Bier
Mar 27, 2018·Environmental Science & Technology·Elizabeth A MooreSean T Moore

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