Can the macro beat the micro? Integrated information across spatiotemporal scales

Neuroscience of Consciousness
Erik P HoelGiulio Tononi

Abstract

Causal interactions within complex systems such as the brain can be analyzed at multiple spatiotemporal levels. It is widely assumed that the micro level is causally complete, thus excluding causation at the macro level. However, by measuring effective information-how much a system's mechanisms constrain its past and future states-we recently showed that causal power can be stronger at macro rather than micro levels. In this work, we go beyond effective information and consider additional requirements of a proper measure of causal power from the intrinsic perspective of a system: composition (the cause-effect power of the parts), state-dependency (the cause-effect power of the system in a specific state); integration (the causal irreducibility of the whole to its parts), and exclusion (the causal borders of the system). A measure satisfying these requirements, called ΦMax, was developed in the context of integrated information theory. Here, we evaluate ΦMax systematically at micro and macro levels in space and time using simplified neuronal-like systems. We show that for systems characterized by indeterminism and/or degeneracy, Φ can indeed peak at a macro level. This happens if coarse-graining micro elements produces macro mec...Continue Reading

References

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Citations

Jan 30, 2020·BioEssays : News and Reviews in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology·Michael Levin
Sep 12, 2019·Journal of the Royal Society, Interface·H BocaccioE Tagliazucchi
Jul 27, 2018·PLoS Computational Biology·William G P MaynerGiulio Tononi
Feb 8, 2019·PLoS Computational Biology·Daniel Toker, Friedrich T Sommer
Aug 8, 2020·Frontiers in Psychology·Acer Y C ChangRyota Kanai
Dec 9, 2020·Entropy·Matthew Owen
Nov 22, 2018·Entropy·Olimpia Lombardi, Cristian López
Apr 16, 2019·Entropy·Kyumin Moon
Aug 12, 2021·Neuroscience of Consciousness·Jake R Hanson, Sara I Walker
Sep 25, 2021·Nature Neuroscience·Matteo GrassoGiulio Tononi
Nov 19, 2021·BioEssays : News and Reviews in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology·Mohammad Amin Kamaleddin

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