Cancer microenvironment and cancer vaccine.

Cancer Microenvironment : Official Journal of the International Cancer Microenvironment Society
Zhen-Yu DingYu-Quan Wei

Abstract

The cancer microenvironment is constituted of non-transformed host stromal cells such as endothelial cells, fibroblasts, various immune cells, and a complex extra-cellular matrix secreted by both the normal and neoplastic cells embedded in it. The importance of the microenvironment and its potential in cancer therapy is just being established. Among modalities that target the microenvironment, cancer vaccine is a unique strategy which is aimed to elicit specific immunity against components in the microenvironment. Most, if not all, components can be targeted by the vaccines. The most extensively studied are the endothelial cells, fibroblasts and macrophages as well as ECM. Vaccines are in development for each of them. All the vaccines were proved to be effective at providing protective or therapeutic anti-tumor effects in the pre-clinical models. A few of them have been tested in the clinical trials. The mechanisms of the vaccines were mainly related to the cellular immune response such as CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, and in some instances CD4+ Th cells were involved as well. The present review also discussed the hurdles associated with the microenvironment-based vaccines such as the selection of suitable patients with appropriate b...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 10, 2013·Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology·Akiko TakahashiAtsushi Ochiai
Jun 21, 2013·Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine : Official Publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology·Jingyi WangZhangui Tang
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Oct 20, 2015·Tumour Biology : the Journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine·Yağmur KirazAyten Nalbant
Jun 12, 2019·Cancer Microenvironment : Official Journal of the International Cancer Microenvironment Society·Mohd RihanAmit Khairnar

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