Cancer Nanomedicine Special Issue Review Anticancer Drug Delivery with Nanoparticles: Extracellular Vesicles or Synthetic Nanobeads as Therapeutic Tools for Conventional Treatment or Immunotherapy

Cancers
Maria Raffaella ZocchiAlessandro Poggi

Abstract

Both natural and synthetic nanoparticles have been proposed as drug carriers in cancer treatment, since they can increase drug accumulation in target tissues, optimizing the therapeutic effect. As an example, extracellular vesicles (EV), including exosomes (Exo), can become drug vehicles through endogenous or exogenous loading, amplifying the anticancer effects at the tumor site. In turn, synthetic nanoparticles (NP) can carry therapeutic molecules inside their core, improving solubility and stability, preventing degradation, and controlling their release. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in nanotechnology applied for theranostic use, distinguishing between passive and active targeting of these vehicles. In addition, examples of these models are reported: EV as transporters of conventional anticancer drugs; Exo or NP as carriers of small molecules that induce an anti-tumor immune response. Finally, we focus on two types of nanoparticles used to stimulate an anticancer immune response: Exo carried with A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease-10 inhibitors and NP loaded with aminobisphosphonates. The former would reduce the release of decoy ligands that impair tumor cell recognition, while the latter would activate the ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 19, 2020·Journal of Extracellular Vesicles·Gensheng ZhangZhijian Cai
Jan 21, 2021·Biomedicines·María Isabel GonzálezBeatriz Salinas
Mar 9, 2021·Frontiers in Veterinary Science·Guillermo ValdiviaLaura Peña
Nov 19, 2021·Bioconjugate Chemistry·Ayesha ZafarZhifei Dai

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
xenografts
targeted modification
xenograft

Clinical Trials Mentioned

NCT01294072
NCT01159288
NCT03608631
NCT02141451

Software Mentioned

Exo

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