Cancer subtypes in aetiological research.

European Journal of Epidemiology
Lorenzo RichiardiNeil Pearce

Abstract

Researchers often attempt to categorize tumors into more homogeneous subtypes to better predict prognosis or understand pathogenic mechanisms. In clinical research, typically the focus is on prognosis: the tumor subtypes are intended to be associated with specific responses to treatment and/or different clinical outcomes. In aetiological research, the focus is on identifying distinct pathogenic mechanisms, which may involve different risk factors. We used directed acyclic graphs to present a framework for considering potential biases arising in aetiological research of tumor subtypes, when there is incomplete correspondence between the identified subtypes and the underlying pathogenic mechanisms. We identified two main scenarios: (1) weak effect, when the tumor subtypes are identified through combinations of characteristics and some of these characteristics are affected by factors that are unrelated with the underlying pathogenic mechanisms; and (2) lack of causality, when the set of characteristics corresponds with a mechanism that is actually not a cause of the tumor of interest. Examples of the magnitude of bias that can be introduced in these situations are provided. Although categorization of tumors into homogenous subtype...Continue Reading

References

Jan 19, 1995·The New England Journal of Medicine·F D MartinezW J Morgan
Mar 11, 2005·The New England Journal of Medicine·Monika E HegiRoger Stupp
Dec 31, 2010·Journal of the National Cancer Institute·Xiaohong R YangMontserrat Garcia-Closas
Jan 15, 2011·The European Respiratory Journal·V SirouxJ Sunyer
Aug 11, 2011·Breast Cancer Research and Treatment·Rulla M TamimiLaura C Collins
Nov 5, 2011·International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer·Beate PeschThomas Brüning
Sep 25, 2012·Nature·UNKNOWN Cancer Genome Atlas Network
Jan 12, 2013·Modern Pathology : an Official Journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc·Shuji OginoEdward Giovannucci
Aug 7, 2013·Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology·A GoldhirschUNKNOWN Panel members
Aug 15, 2014·Journal of the National Cancer Institute·William F AndersonMark E Sherman
Sep 1, 2014·Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Monographs·Lindsay M MortonJoshua N Sampson
Jan 31, 2015·The New England Journal of Medicine·Francis S Collins, Harold Varmus
Apr 30, 2015·International Journal of Epidemiology·Hyuna SungPaula L Hyland
Jan 1, 2014·Cell & Bioscience·Victoria R Zellmer, Siyuan Zhang
Jun 16, 2015·European Heart Journal·Geoffrey S Pitt
Jul 15, 2015·European Journal of Epidemiology·Miquel PortaFrancisco Bolúmar
Oct 9, 2015·European Journal of Epidemiology·Reiko NishiharaShuji Ogino
Oct 16, 2015·European Journal of Epidemiology·M Arfan Ikram
Oct 21, 2015·Human Genomics·Qingxuan SongJun Z Li
Dec 2, 2015·Statistics in Medicine·Molin WangShuji Ogino
Jan 24, 2016·Diabetic Medicine : a Journal of the British Diabetic Association·E R Pearson
Mar 24, 2016·Cancer Prevention Research·Humam KadaraAvrum E Spira
Nov 20, 2016·The Journal of Pathology·Yujing J HengAndrew H Beck

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Feb 14, 2018·Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology·P R CarrM Hoffmeister
Jan 8, 2019·International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer·Robin MyteBethany Van Guelpen
Dec 22, 2017·European Journal of Epidemiology·Li LiuShuji Ogino
Dec 7, 2018·European Journal of Epidemiology·Albert Hofman
Jul 1, 2017·European Journal of Epidemiology·David J Hunter

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.

Related Papers

International Journal of Epidemiology
Debbie A LawlorGeorge Davey Smith
Pacific Medicine and Surgery
H G Hadley
© 2022 Meta ULC. All rights reserved