Candyflipping and Other Combinations: Identifying Drug-Drug Combinations from an Online Forum

Frontiers in Psychiatry
Michael CharyAlex F Manini

Abstract

Novel psychoactive substances (NPS) refer to synthetic compounds or derivatives of more widely known substances of abuse that have emerged over the last two decades. Case reports suggest that users combine substances to achieve desired psychotropic experiences while reducing dysphoria and unpleasant somatic effects. However, the pattern of combining NPS has not been studied on a large scale. Here, we show that posts discussing NPS describe combining nootropics with sedative-hypnotics and stimulants with plant hallucinogens or psychiatric medications. Discussions that mention sedative-hypnotics most commonly also mention hallucinogens and stimulants. We analyzed 20 years of publicly available posts from Lycaeum, an Internet forum dedicated to sharing information about psychoactive substance use. We used techniques from natural language processing and machine learning to identify NPS and correlate patterns of co-mentions of substances across posts. We found that conversations mentioning synthetic hallucinogens tended to divide into those mentioning hallucinogens derived from amphetamine and those derived from ergot. Conversations that mentioned synthetic hallucinogens tended not to mention plant hallucinogens. Conversations that ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 5, 2019·Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA·Abeed SarkerJeanmarie Perrone
Jan 28, 2021·BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making·Mohammed Ali Al-GaradiAbeed Sarker
May 5, 2021·Journal of Medical Internet Research·Aziliz Le GlazChristophe Lemey
Jul 30, 2021·Forensic Science International : Synergy·Frana-Katica BatisticMarie Morelato

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Software Mentioned

nltk
Ecstasy
Python
Python Natural Language Toolkit
Lycaeum

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