Carbon ions induce autophagy effectively through stimulating the unfolded protein response and subsequent inhibiting Akt phosphorylation in tumor cells

Scientific Reports
Xiaodong JinQiang Li

Abstract

Heavy ion beams have advantages over conventional radiation in radiotherapy due to their superb biological effectiveness and dose conformity. However, little information is currently available concerning the cellular and molecular basis for heavy ion radiation-induced autophagy. In this study, human glioblastoma SHG44 and cervical cancer HeLa cells were irradiated with carbon ions of different linear energy transfers (LETs) and X-rays. Our results revealed increased LC3-II and decreased p62 levels in SHG44 and HeLa cells post-irradiation, indicating marked induction of autophagy. The autophagic level of tumor cells after irradiation increased in a LET-dependent manner and was inversely correlated with the sensitivity to radiations of various qualities. Furthermore, we demonstrated that high-LET carbon ions stimulated the unfolded protein response (UPR) and mediated autophagy via the UPR-eIF2α-CHOP-Akt signaling axis. High-LET carbon ions more severely inhibited Akt-mTOR through UPR to effectively induce autophagy. Thus, the present data could serve as an important radiobiological basis to further understand the molecular mechanisms by which high-LET radiation induces cell death.

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Citations

Aug 9, 2017·Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology·Yong XinGuan Jiang
Jan 25, 2020·Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology·Jinhua ZhangHong Zhang
Apr 3, 2020·Journal of Radiation Research·Qiuning ZhangXiaohu Wang
Jul 9, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Camille HuartAnne-Catherine Wéra
Jun 6, 2018·Clinical & Translational Oncology : Official Publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico·H GhaffariH Abdollahi
Jul 1, 2018·International Journal of Particle Therapy·Alexander HelmTakashi Shimokawa

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
flow cytometry
biopsy
X-ray

Software Mentioned

FlowJo

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