Carbon nanotubes' surface chemistry determines their potency as vaccine nanocarriers in vitro and in vivo

Journal of Controlled Release : Official Journal of the Controlled Release Society
Hatem A F M HassanKhuloud T Al-Jamal

Abstract

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have shown marked capabilities in enhancing antigen delivery to antigen presenting cells. However, proper understanding of how altering the physical properties of CNTs may influence antigen uptake by antigen presenting cells, such as dendritic cells (DCs), has not been established yet. We hypothesized that altering the physical properties of multi-walled CNTs (MWNTs)-antigen conjugates, e.g. length and surface charge, can affect the internalization of MWNT-antigen by DCs, hence the induced immune response potency. For this purpose, pristine MWNTs (p-MWNTs) were exposed to various chemical reactions to modify their physical properties then conjugated to ovalbumin (OVA), a model antigen. The yielded MWNTs-OVA conjugates were long MWNT-OVA (~386nm), bearing net positive charge (5.8mV), or short MWNTs-OVA (~122nm) of increasing negative charges (-23.4, -35.8 or -39mV). Compared to the short MWNTs-OVA bearing high negative charges, short MWNT-OVA with the lowest negative charge demonstrated better cellular uptake and OVA-specific immune response both in vitro and in vivo. However, long positively-charged MWNT-OVA showed limited cellular uptake and OVA specific immune response in contrast to short MWNT-OVA dis...Continue Reading

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
NMR
protein assay
ELISA
electrophoresis
flow cytometry
amidation

Software Mentioned

GraphPad Prism
ImageJ
FlowJo
ImageStream
CellQuest

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