Cardiac allograft vasculopathy following fecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent C. difficile infection

Transplant Infectious Disease : an Official Journal of the Transplantation Society
Spencer BarfussAshwin Lal

Abstract

We report the case of a 3-year-old male who developed recurrent Clostridium difficile infection after receiving an orthotopic heart transplant. Despite multiple courses of antibiotics, C. difficile infection was persistent and he underwent a fecal microbiota transplant. The patient responded with resolution of his diarrhea. However, within 2 months he developed severe mixed rejection with high circulating donor-specific antibodies and significant coronary vasculopathy. Organ dysfunction led to the need for re-transplantation. The patient's postoperative course has since been complicated by pneumatosis intestinalis and recurrent C. difficile infection.

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