Abstract
The prevalence of congenital heart disease is higher in camelids than in other domestic species and complex defects, often involving the great vessels, are more frequently encountered in llamas and alpacas than in other species. Some of these complex defects can be difficult to accurately characterize via echocardiography, the most commonly used diagnostic imaging technique to evaluate the heart in veterinary patients. Contrast-enhanced, electrocardiogram (ECG)-gated computed tomography (CT) has proven utility for the evaluation of human patients with certain congenital heart defects, including those with conotruncal septation defects and other abnormalities involving the formation of the great vessels. Three alpaca crias, 4 days, 5 weeks and 14 months of age were clinically evaluated and subjected to a complete color-flow Doppler echocardiogram and a contrast-enhanced ECG-gated CT. These alpacas exhibited a variety of clinical findings including lethargy, failure to thrive, exercise intolerance, heart murmur, and/or respiratory difficulty. All three crias were subsequently diagnosed with complex cardiac defects including pulmonary atresia with a ventricular septal defect (VSD), a truncus arteriosus with a large VSD, and a doub...Continue Reading
References
May 4, 1999·Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine·W A Ware, D L Hopper
May 8, 2000·The Annals of Thoracic Surgery·C I Tchervenkov, N Roy
Mar 10, 2001·The Veterinary Record·T D ButtW H Crawford
Mar 25, 2004·AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology·Benoit Desjardins, Ella A Kazerooni
Jun 2, 2004·Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging : JMRI·Lawrence M Boxt
Apr 26, 2005·Developmental Biology·Karen L WaldoMargaret L Kirby
Sep 20, 2005·The Veterinary Record·L FerasinG L D'Alterio
Nov 14, 2006·Journal of Clinical Pathology·R BussaniF Silvestri
Mar 18, 2008·The British Journal of Radiology·N E ManghatG J Morgan-Hughes
Nov 18, 2008·Journal of Veterinary Cardiology : the Official Journal of the European Society of Veterinary Cardiology·Sarah Pownder, Peter V Scrivani
Apr 22, 2009·AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology·Jonathan R Dillman, Ramiro J Hernandez
May 23, 2009·The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Food Animal Practice·Marco L MargioccoJohn D Bonagura
Oct 20, 2009·Developmental Biology·Laura A Dyer, Margaret L Kirby
Apr 24, 2012·Differentiation; Research in Biological Diversity·Stéphane Zaffran, Robert G Kelly
Aug 9, 2012·European Journal of Cardio-thoracic Surgery : Official Journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery·Stuart W Jamieson
Oct 12, 2012·Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta·Alexandre FrancouRobert G Kelly
Oct 1, 2010·World Journal for Pediatric & Congenital Heart Surgery·Richard Van Praagh
Feb 20, 2014·Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound : the Official Journal of the American College of Veterinary Radiology and the International Veterinary Radiology Association·Randi DreesJimmy H Saunders
Oct 3, 2014·Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine·Robert G KellyAntoon F Moorman
Feb 20, 2015·The Veterinary Record·P Laborda-VidalJ F McConnell
Citations
Jan 24, 2017·Journal of Veterinary Cardiology : the Official Journal of the European Society of Veterinary Cardiology·D K NewhardT Passler
May 26, 2017·Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine·E C ChapelK E Schober
Dec 6, 2017·Anatomia, histologia, embryologia·W PérezH E König
Jan 31, 2021·Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI·Domenico CaivanoElvio Lepri
Sep 28, 2020·Journal of Veterinary Cardiology : the Official Journal of the European Society of Veterinary Cardiology·V ChetboulV Saponaro
Nov 8, 2017·Journal of Veterinary Cardiology : the Official Journal of the European Society of Veterinary Cardiology·Lauren E MarkovicBrianna M Potter