PMID: 9161897May 1, 1997Paper

Cardiac mechanical energy and effects on the arterial tree

Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia
H R Muñoz, C M Sacco

Abstract

Blood flow pulsatility is the result of the heart's activity as a pump unable to develop steady flow, and its interaction with the arterial tree. Thus, the heart is a cyclic energy generator whose adequate function requires the two phases of this cycle to be normal. Diastolic properties determine the degree of filling of the ventricles and the strength of the following systole. Systole, in turn, must generate enough energy to overcome forces opposing ejection. These can be divided into internal (the mechanical characteristics of the ventricle itself) and external loads (the characteristics of the arterial tree). As a result, hydraulic energy is imparted to blood (external ventricular work) that manifests itself as blood pressure and flow. Given the cyclic nature of cardiac activity, the external ventricular work has steady and pulsatile components. The steady component is energy lost during steady flow because of vascular resistance, and the pulsatile work is that lost in arterial pulsations and mainly depends on the aortic impedance. Thus, the characteristics of the arterial tree will determine the relative contribution of these two components to blood flow and the efficency of the heart. In addition, the arterial tree modifie...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 21, 2009·Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing·Patrick SchoberLothar A Schwarte
Jul 18, 2009·Anesthesia and Analgesia·Patrick SchoberLothar A Schwarte
Jun 5, 2015·Frontiers in Physiology·Omar Z AmeerJacqueline K Phillips
Dec 23, 2003·Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology : the Official Journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology·J KrejzaR Bert

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