PMID: 12774965May 31, 2003Paper

Cardiac output technologies with special reference to the horse

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine
Kevin T T CorleyEric K Birks

Abstract

Critical illness, anesthesia, primary cardiovascular disease, and exercise may result in marked hemodynamic alterations. Measuring cardiac output (CO) is central to defining these alterations for both clinician and researcher. In the past 10 years, several new methods of measuring CO have been developed for the human medical market. Some of these methods are now validated in the horse and are in clinical use. The Fick method has been used in equine research for more than a century. It depends on simultaneous measurement of mixed venous (pulmonary arterial) and peripheral arterial oxygen content and oxygen uptake by the lungs. The technique is technically demanding, which restricts its clinical use. Indicator dilution techniques, with indocyanine green, cold (thermodilution), or lithium as the marker, have also been widely used in the horse. The indocyanine technique is cumbersome, and thermodilution requires right heart catheterization, which is not a benign procedure, making both of these methods less than ideal for clinical use. Lithium dilution requires catheterization of a peripheral artery and a jugular vein. It has recently been validated in anesthetized adult horses and neonatal foals. Doppler echocardiography is a nonin...Continue Reading

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Citations

Aug 5, 2008·American Journal of Veterinary Research·Mary M DurandoEric K Birks
Jul 13, 2005·Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia·Gayle D Hallowell, Kevin T T Corley
Jan 18, 2013·Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine·E McConachieS Giguère
Oct 25, 2017·Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care·Klaus HopsterSabine B R Kästner
Oct 14, 2009·Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care·Andre ShihSheilah Robertson
Jan 8, 2008·Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics·Y ShiloA Steinman
Apr 5, 2018·Frontiers in Veterinary Science·Jessica Noel-Morgan, William W Muir
Aug 11, 2011·Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care·Andre ShihAmara Estrada
Jun 23, 2015·Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia·Annette P N KutterSimone K Ringer
Jun 2, 2011·Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia·Andre ShihCarsten Bandt

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