PMID: 2091611Jan 1, 1990Paper

Cardiac sympathetic activity in myocardial ischemia: release and effects of noradrenaline

Basic Research in Cardiology
A Schömig, G Richardt

Abstract

Sympathetic overactivity in myocardial ischemia is closely associated with the progression of myocyte injury and the incidence of malignant arrhythmias. Adrenergic stimulation of the ischemic myocardium is predominantly due to increased local noradrenaline concentrations in the heart, whereas plasma catecholamine levels are of minor relevance. During the first few minutes of ischemia, efferent sympathetic nerves are activated. Excessive accumulation of noradrenaline, however, is prevented since adenosine, formed in the ischemic myocardium, suppresses exocytotic noradrenaline release, and released noradrenaline is rapidly removed as long as catecholamine reuptake is functional. With progression of ischemia to more than 10 min, the myocardium is no longer protected against excess catecholamine accumulation in the interstitial space, since local metabolic release mechanisms become increasingly important. This release, which is independent of central sympathetic activity and from extracellular calcium, occurs in two steps: First, noradrenaline escapes from its intracellular storage vesicles and accumulates in the cytoplasm of the neuron. In a second, rate-limiting step, noradrenaline is transported across the plasma membrane into t...Continue Reading

Citations

Oct 13, 2018·European Cardiology·Ricardo A Perez de la HozAlejandra Silvia Scazziota
May 18, 2013·Biomedical Papers of the Medical Faculty of the University Palacký, Olomouc, Czechoslovakia·Milan VranaZdenek Fejfar
Jul 28, 2020·Frontiers in Immunology·Sarah Leach, Kazuhiro Suzuki

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